标签归档:西安品茶

Tesla’s reorganization promotes FSD’s entry into China

On the occasion of electric vehicle giant Tesla’s full bet on autonomous driving technology, the company’s CEO Musk is setting off a round of "executive reshuffle" on a global scale. The reporter learned from many sources that the important direction of Tesla’s business restructuring this round is to promote the landing of its autonomous driving technology FSD software, including its development in China. (Yicai)

Race against time to seize the "spring market", Zhejiang Huzhou foreign trade orders rose against the trend

  Workers are busy in the production line of thermal imaging human body temperature detector accessories. Xie Shangguo

  Zhongxin. com Zhejiang News, March 14th (Reporter Shi Zinan correspondent Xie Shangguo Shao Ding) In the workshop of Zhejiang Yuanzheng Fabric Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yuanzheng Fabric") in Yuyue Town, Deqing, Zhejiang Province, five production lines are at full capacity; Outside the workshop, the packaged products are ready to be sent to the United States.

  "Export orders have been scheduled for July this year, and the contract amount is currently 5% higher than the same period last year." Shi Fayuan, chairman of Yuanzheng Fabric, said.

  Workers are rushing to make a batch of orders for electric toothbrushes exported to Europe and America. Xie Shangguo

  Yuanzheng Fabric Co., Ltd. is an export-oriented enterprise that mainly produces and sells curtain fabrics, and its products are mainly sold to the United States, Europe and other countries and regions. At present, enterprises are racing against time to seize the "spring market" and make up for the lost time.

  Workers are rushing to make a batch of orders for textile products exported to European and American countries. Xie Shangguo

  "The government helped us to issue a factual proof of force majeure in time, and the resident service Commissioner also gave a lot of help and guidance in policy subsidies, logistics and transportation." Shi Fayuan believes that the increase in order volume against the trend relies on "early resumption of work and quick policy fulfillment".

  With the positive results of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, various policies and measures in Deqing County have been gradually implemented. From January to February, the county’s foreign trade exports reached 2.37 billion yuan, up 1.35% year-on-year, ranking first in Huzhou, with an increase rate higher than the city’s average of 14.26 percentage points. As of March 11th, enterprises with outstanding foreign trade performance in Deqing County have fully resumed their work, with 95% capacity recovery rate for enterprises with an annual export of over US$ 1 million and 99% capacity recovery rate for enterprises with an annual export of over US$ 10 million.

  Early resumption of work has become a major advantage of Deqing enterprises under the epidemic and a "first move" to turn crisis into opportunity. Zhejiang Crewdson Textile Technology Co., Ltd., located in Ganyuan Town, has quickly recalled its employees to make every effort to catch orders since it resumed production. From January to February, foreign trade export orders increased by 10% year-on-year.

  "Enterprises’ foreign trade export orders are increasing instead of decreasing." Chen Ruilong, chairman of Zhejiang Longhu Forging Co., Ltd., located in Zhongguan Town, said that in previous years, enterprises would have enough raw materials for three months by the end of the year. Because of this business model, in the face of the epidemic, enterprises have also opened up new European markets while stabilizing the original market. The export output value is expected to be 14 million yuan in the first quarter and 56.5 million yuan in the whole year, with an increase of 20%.

  It is reported that in view of the difficulties faced by foreign trade enterprises during the epidemic prevention and control period, various departments in Deqing County "jointly fought" to help enterprises solve the problems of payment for imported goods, transportation vehicles, recruitment of local employees and so on, and at the same time speed up the fulfillment of foreign trade and economic policies. It is estimated that before March 15, the county can complete the cash of the county’s open economic development subsidy funds in 2019, with a support fund of 29.0382 million yuan, benefiting 224 foreign trade enterprises. (End)

Next stop, go home! Spring Festival travel rush blockbuster in the middle of the year | taste Luohu.

year

taste

Appreciate the old customs and look forward to spring. The Spring Festival is approaching, and the Year of the Loong is just around the corner. Spring Festival travel rush curtain opened, wandering anxious to return, dazzling new year’s goods, the flavor of the year.

The "Year of the Year Luohu" specially planned for the Spring Festival is officially launched. We will take you to visit Luohu, the new year’s goods store where fireworks are rising, and pass through the booming Winter jasmine market to feel the colorful and bright night, and feel the strong taste of the year in the prosperity.

In 2024

National Spring Festival travel rush blockbuster

It’s already staged

In 40 days

It is estimated that 9 billion people will travel.

Outline the "flowing China"

A beautiful picture of happy reunion

"Grab the ticket!"

"Go home tomorrow!"

"Mom and Dad, I’m back!"

……

The year is approaching.

Calling for home one after another

Very enthusiastic and eager to look forward to it.

No matter how far you go.

Wandering for a few years

The longing for home has never been diluted.

 

Walk into Shenzhen Railway Station

The waiting platform is bustling.

People with bags on their backs are in a hurry

The ticket in my hand is full of thoughts.

Footsteps rushing to hometown meet together.

……

Mr. Zheng who didn’t go home for half a year

I am about to embark on a train to my hometown of Ganzhou.

In the new year, there is no hope

He wishes his dear mother all the best.

"Mom, you have worked hard this year.

I wish you good health and all the best. "

Heading home, destination Shijiazhuang

Mr. Liu has been away from home for a year.

I am most concerned about my grandparents at home.

Bags bulging, deep love.

He has already chosen a gift for his grandparents.

Across thousands of kilometers, just for the moment of reunion.

"The new year.

I hope my family will be healthy and happy. "

Where is the home?

Where is the end of the train?

Mr. Li anxious to return from Wuhan

Facing the camera, he confessed his true feelings to his wife

"wife, you took care of the children hard this year.

I am at ease with me outside and you at home. "

At the moment, my thoughts are silent but surging

"Everyone is safe."

"I wish you all a happy New Year and all the best."

……

When the train stops safely at

The station named "Home"

When the eyes really appear

Parents’ warm smiling faces

When the vacancy in my heart

Filled with the smell of home

It was the time of family reunion.

 

The annual Spring Festival travel rush.

Peace is always the same background.

Behind every safe and leisurely journey

There are many figures sticking to and busy.

Social warmth and Spring Festival travel rush warmth are coming.

shenzhen railway station

A cup of hot drink, warm departure.

???

In order to make the returning passengers have a warm journey, the ready-made crew of Shenzhen Railway Station greeted the passengers with smiling faces and greetings, and sent them a cup of hot tea and a bowl of ginger syrup to warm the passengers’ way home.

The volunteer team wearing red vests has become a beautiful "volunteer red" landscape in the spring tide of Spring Festival travel rush. They escorted Spring Festival travel rush’s way home with thoughtful service, meticulous greetings and warm words.

In order to tighten the traffic "safety valve", Nanhu Street Port Comprehensive Improvement Office carried out dynamic duty inspections at important traffic points to ensure the stability and order of Shenzhen Railway Station area during Spring Festival travel rush.

Luohu bus station

Security check, start safely.

???

In order to answer Spring Festival travel rush’s "examination paper" well, recently, the staff of Luohu Administration Bureau of Municipal Transportation Bureau went to Luohu Bus Terminal to carry out the station-standing work, and inspected the implementation of the work in key areas such as vehicle registration, vehicle exit registration and baggage security inspection, and urged drivers to remind passengers to use seat belts according to regulations before driving.

At the same time, organize safety experts to go to the bus station to carry out fire safety inspection, and rectify the problems that arise.

Major ports in Luohu

Scientific transportation, escort Spring Festival travel rush

???

In order to ensure the customs clearance for passengers during the Spring Festival, the customs clearance time at Luohu Port was extended on February 9 and 13. Luohu entry-exit frontier inspection station strengthens the dynamic monitoring and early warning of passenger flow, scientifically deploys police force, and opens sufficient inspection channels to fully ensure the safe, efficient and smooth customs clearance of entry-exit passengers during the Spring Festival holiday.

Major subway stations in Luohu District

Warm heart service, full of love.

???

In order to warm the passengers’ way home, Shenzhen Railway Operation Party Group Studio, together with Luohu subway station and subway volunteers, set up a service point at the B end of lo wu station station hall to carry out volunteer activities in send warm, Spring Festival travel rush. Staff and volunteers in the station area send hot ginger tea, small love gifts and other materials to returning tourists.

 

Every trip will not be disappointed.

Every reunion deserves to be guarded.

Because of the stars in Dai Yue, because of the hardships.

"Safe Spring Festival travel rush" is full of enthusiasm and warmth.

Guardian Spring Festival travel rush, thank you very much.

Spring Festival travel rush continues.

The train kept galloping

Travel-stained, there will be a way home.

May all the gallops

Finally, they all rush to reunion.

 

Sources of information: Spring Festival travel rush Office of Luohu District, Luohu Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station, Nanhu Street, Luohu Publishing, Shenzhen News Network Guo Xiaoxiao, Yan Keqi.

Overall integration: Luohu release

If you need to reprint, please indicate the above contents.

Ministry of Public Security: 79 cases of "AI changing face" were cracked and 515 suspects were arrested.

  CCTV News:According to official website news of the Ministry of Public Security, on August 10th, the Ministry of Public Security held a press conference to inform the public security organs of the effectiveness of cracking down on illegal crimes against citizens’ personal information. Thomas lee, deputy director of the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, said that with the wide application of face recognition technology and the progress of artificial intelligence technology, face recognition and verification crimes came into being. The materials used by criminals to implement "AI face change" are mainly photos, especially ID photos. At the same time, the face recognition verification system is broken through by combining the name and ID number of the person. In order to prevent and crack down on this new type of crime, the public security organs, in conjunction with the State Key Laboratory and other units, carried out the safety assessment of face recognition and in-vivo detection technology, covering key apps such as instant messaging, webcasting, social networking, e-commerce platform and financial payment, which have a large number of users in China and have prominent hidden problems, and timely discovered the potential risks existing in the face recognition verification system, and notified the operators to upgrade security protection measures and face recognition algorithms. At the same time, relying on the special action of "Net Net", we organized a special battle to crack down on the source of crimes that leaked image information such as ID card photos, cracked 79 cases of "AI face-changing" and arrested 515 suspects, effectively curbing the momentum of such crimes. 

It is more difficult to grab tickets in Spring Festival travel rush in 2017: train tickets should be booked online as much as possible.

  Industry tips: online channel ticket purchase is 2 days ahead of offline, and it is best to "grab" the Spring Festival ticket now.

  (Reporter Wang Meiling) On December 15th, the first day train tickets in Spring Festival travel rush will be "snapped up". In 2017, Spring Festival travel rush started from January 13th to February 21st, 11 days ahead of Spring Festival travel rush in 2016, making it the earliest Spring Festival travel rush in the last five years. On December 11th, the reporter learned from Chengdu Railway Bureau that it is expected that it will be difficult for Spring Festival travel rush to grab tickets in 2017 due to the pre-holiday passenger flow superposition, weather influence, shortened ticket pre-sale period and other factors.

  It is more difficult to stack multiple factors to grab tickets.

  According to the prediction of Chengdu Railway Bureau, the 40-day Spring Festival travel rush will send 32.5 million passengers, an increase of about 3.6 million passengers, an increase of 12.6%; The ratio of long-distance passengers to short-distance passengers is about 1: 2, and the peak passenger flow in a single day will exceed 1 million. "Spring Festival travel rush will come earlier next year than in previous years." According to the analysis of the relevant person in charge of Chengdu Railway Bureau, the biggest impact brought by this is that the students’ holiday passenger flow is obviously superimposed with the migrant workers’ return home passenger flow and business passenger flow, and the short-distance passenger flow before the holiday will show a greater increase. After January 20, 2017, there will be a wave of superimposed passenger flow peaks.

  In addition, according to the preliminary forecast of the meteorological department, it is more likely that there will be "La Nina" weather event in China during Spring Festival travel rush. Due to the weather, the number of short-distance passengers who change planes to trains may increase. The time for "grabbing tickets" is also shorter than in previous years. From January 5, 2017, the national railway will implement a new train diagram. In line with the adjustment of the operation chart, the pre-sale period of train tickets after December 30, 2016 was adjusted from the previous 60 days to 30 days, and the stations, sales outlets and ticket vending machines were adjusted from 58 days to 28 days.

  Due to the overlapping passenger flow and weather, tickets are more popular and the pre-sale period is shortened. It is expected that it will be more difficult for Spring Festival travel rush to grab tickets in 2017.

  Try to buy train tickets online. It’s best to book them now.

  How to crack the train ticket "it is difficult to grab tickets"? Industry insiders’ advice.

  First of all, the means of grabbing tickets should be new, and try to buy tickets through online channels. Although there are many ways to pre-sell train tickets, the pre-sale period of online and telephone channels is 2 days earlier than that of offline channels such as windows. In the case of tight tickets, it is undoubtedly more advantageous to purchase tickets through 12306 website, mobile APP and telephone.

  Secondly, remember the key day of grabbing tickets. Based on the pre-sale period of online channels, the first day train tickets in Spring Festival travel rush will be sold on December 15th. From this date to January 8th, 2017, short-distance tickets between Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou will enter the peak of ticket sales one after another, such as Chengdu to Wanzhou and Guangyuan to Chongqing.

  The train tickets for New Year’s Eve will be sold on December 29th. It is expected that the bullet train tickets mainly for Chengdu-Chongqing, Shanghai-Kunming, Lanzhou-Chongqing, Chengda and Chongqing-Wan high-speed rail lines will enter the booking peak.

  Train tickets for the fifth day of the first month will be put on sale on January 3, 2017. It is expected that long-distance train tickets from Sichuan to the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, North China and Northwest China will enter the booking peak.

  The train tickets have not yet been sold, and the tickets are already "hot". On December 11, the reporter found that during the Spring Festival, the ticket prices of popular Spring Festival routes from Chengdu to Kunming and Sanya were much higher than usual. On New Year’s Eve, the first day, the sixth day and the seventh day, the trip to Sanya and the return trip are all full price.

  The relevant person in charge of Ctrip. com reminded that the pre-sale time of train tickets is shortened this year. If the train tickets are not grabbed, the tickets may be gone. It is expected that the ticket booking summit will be advanced to the middle and late of this month. "Spring Festival tickets can be booked now."

China has laid out major projects in many places and strived to expand investment.

  Original title: (Economic observation) China has laid out major projects in many places and strived to expand investment "to get off to a good start"

  China news agency, Beijing, 5 January (Reporter Wang Enbo) At the beginning of 2023, many construction sites in China have been busy. With the layout of major projects in the first quarter and even the whole year being finalized one after another, China will make great efforts to expand effective investment.

  January 3 is the first working day of this year. On this day alone, many provincial officials announced big moves. At the on-site promotion activities of major projects in the first quarter of 2023 in Sichuan Province held on the same day, 423 major projects were officially started, with a total investment of 748.37 billion yuan (RMB, the same below); The promotion meeting of investment and key projects in Anhui Province in the first quarter held on the same day revealed that there were 1017 projects started in the province in the first quarter, with a total investment of 706.91 billion yuan; Shanghai Jing ‘an, Xuhui, Jinshan and other districts also started a number of major projects on the same day.

  Some places pay more attention to planning throughout the year. For example, Chongqing initially considers the investment of 400 billion yuan in major municipal projects in 2023, so as to drive investment of more than 1 trillion yuan; Henan has selected about 2,500 provincial key projects with an annual investment of 1.8 trillion yuan.

  In the new year, major projects have been laid out in various places, reflecting that China is making continuous efforts to expand effective investment.

  Investment is the main starting point for stable growth in the short term. Since last year, with the obvious decline in investment in real estate development, China officials have continuously increased steady investment and accelerated the construction of major projects, which has strongly supported the steady growth of investment in fixed assets.

  According to the spokesman of China National Development and Reform Commission, the department actively promotes the implementation of investment policies. We will make every effort to promote the development of policy-oriented financial instruments to support the construction of major projects, as well as the upgrading and transformation of special refinancing and financial discount supporting equipment. By the end of November 2022, more than 2,700 projects supported by two batches of financial instruments totaling 739.9 billion yuan had all started construction; The annual investment of 640 billion yuan in the central budget has been completed, and the project operating rate has reached the highest level in the past five years.

  In this context, in the first November of 2022, the completed investment of large projects with a planned total investment of 100 million yuan or more in China increased by 11.9% year-on-year, 6.6 percentage points higher than the total investment. In the same period, the planned total investment of newly started projects increased by 20.3% year-on-year, and the funds in place for investment projects (excluding real estate development investment) increased by 21.5%, which provided strong support for the sustained and steady growth of investment.

  Looking forward to 2023, promoting major projects and expanding effective investment will still be an important starting point for China to promote the overall improvement of economic operation. Judging from the information recently released by the government, relevant parties will continue to strengthen the protection of funds and other factors.

  From the perspective of funds, special bonds are an important means to promote the expansion of effective investment and stabilize the macro-economy. By the end of November in 2022, China had issued 4 trillion yuan of new local government special bonds to support the construction of nearly 30,000 key projects. Liu Kun, Minister of Finance of China, said recently that in 2023, special bond funds will be appropriately expanded to invest in areas and used as capital, and the physical workload and investment will continue to form a driving force to promote the overall improvement of economic operation.

  Regarding the investment direction, Zhao Chenxin, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, revealed that China will increase investment in key areas and weak links. Focus on 102 major projects in the 14 th Five-Year Plan and make efforts to accelerate the construction of major projects. Appropriately advance infrastructure investment, systematically lay out new infrastructure, strengthen the construction of food security, energy security, industrial chain supply chain security and other fields, and strengthen support for major issues to protect people’s livelihood needs.

  This can also be seen from the recent layout of major projects in various places. For example, a number of projects started in Shanghai cover smart equipment, new materials, life and health and other strategic emerging industries. The projects started in Anhui involve manufacturing, infrastructure, people’s livelihood projects and other industries, among which the investment in manufacturing projects accounts for 70.8% of the total investment. These projects mainly focus on strengthening the foundation, supplementing the shortcomings and increasing the kinetic energy, which is not only conducive to the current steady growth, but also focusing on the future.

  "Taking investment as the connection point between short-term steady growth and long-term transfer mode, you can kill two birds with one stone if you do it well." Huang Yiping, vice president of Peking University National Development Research Institute, believes that expanding effective investment in 2023 is still the focus of China’s economic policy, especially in high-end manufacturing, digital economy, green development and other fields. Combining demand-side management with supply-side structural reform can not only achieve short-term stable growth, but also contribute to long-term economic transformation. (End)

Beijing: speed up and increase efficiency through comprehensive renovation of old residential areas

"Next year, the renovation of our community will start." Yesterday morning, in the Liuhe Garden North Community in Shijingshan District, Li Qilong, a resident, breathed a sigh of relief after hearing the words of the staff. "Everyone is looking forward to the transformation."

From "one-on-one" to "active governance, first without litigation", the special governance of "one issue per month" has pushed Beijing forward in "handling complaints immediately". How to solve the problem in the renovation of old residential areas that are included in the "one question per month" key supervision items? Focusing on residents’ demands, from solving a problem to solving a class of problems to the whole process management, in the first year of the "14 th Five-Year Plan", the renovation of old residential areas in Beijing should speed up and increase efficiency.

70% of residents hope that the old building will be included in the renovation plan.

"You have to wear a cotton-padded jacket to watch TV at home in winter", "It hasn’t been too hot in these years", "Every family has a cork, and when they go out for a few days, they will block the sewer with it" … Speaking of the inconvenience of living in Liuhe Garden North Community, Li Qilong and other five old residents can’t stop holding each other.

The 27-year-old Liuhe Garden North Community is a typical residential building in the early 1990s, which has the common problems of old communities: aging pipes, not hot heating in winter, and insufficient space in public areas.

"Especially insulation, in recent years, as soon as the heating season arrives, residents will call the 12345 hotline to complain that the house is not hot." Liuli, director of Liuhe Yuanbei Community Neighborhood Committee, said that the old building couldn’t be warmed up because of the lack of thermal insulation on the external wall in Gai Lou, the aging of superimposed pipes and the fact that it was located at the heating end, and about 1,400 households had to live through the winter when there was no heat in the house.

In 2020, the west courtyard of Liuhe Yuannan Community, which is separated by all the way, started the renovation of old communities. Li Qilong watched the old building of the same age not only look new, but also upgraded the building itself to the public areas outside the building, and added supporting facilities such as a three-dimensional parking garage, an elderly living room and an elderly dining table. "When can the community be included in the transformation?" Liuli was chased by the old residents and asked.

"The street started a household survey and found that more than 70% of residents have the willingness to transform." Lai Yinghui, deputy director of Lu Gu Sub-district Office in Shijingshan District, said that after street declaration, Liuhe Garden North Community was finally included in the list of comprehensive renovation of the second batch of old communities in 2021, and construction is planned to start next year.

From solving a problem to solving a class of problems.

Pingyuan Community, No.7 Courtyard of Songyu North Road, No.40 Courtyard of Taiping Road … In fact, most of the 150 old communities included in the second batch of comprehensive improvement list in 2021 belong to communities with concentrated residents’ willingness to transform.

In the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the municipal party committee and government focused on 27 high-frequency and difficult livelihood issues, and launched the special treatment of "one problem per month". Among them, the renovation of old residential areas as a "people’s livelihood improvement complex" has also been included in the "one question per month" to focus on solving supervision matters, and the lead department is the Municipal Housing Construction Committee.

How to solve problems? By combing the work orders of the 12345 hotline about the renovation of old residential areas last year, the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development found that citizens’ demands focused on the application and project quality, and it was natural to focus on the application and project quality to solve the difficulties in promoting the renovation of old residential areas.

"We should change from solving a problem to solving a class of problems, and study and establish a long-term mechanism for work promotion and daily management." Zhou Rong, deputy director of the Housing Safety Equipment Department of the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, introduced that the Notice on Improving the Application of Comprehensive Renovation Projects in Old Residential Areas and the Notice on Strengthening the Quality Management of Comprehensive Renovation Projects in Old Residential Areas have been drafted, and 12345 is being studied and improved. The normalization mechanism of "handling complaints immediately" is dynamically analyzed, and the appeal of 12345 hotline is dynamically analyzed. "All districts should report old residential areas that meet the transformation conditions in time."

Whole process management forms a closed loop.

On May 25, 2021, two communities, Nanli and Penglai Apartment, Hualongyuan, Changping District, welcomed the municipal inspection team with the residents’ complaint work list, which was to check the quality of the renovation project of the old community.

From April to now, in two months, the municipal inspection team jointly formed by the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection has conducted on-site inspections on 18 communities with concentrated engineering quality demands in seven districts of Tongzhou, Fengtai, Xicheng, Daxing, Shijingshan, Chaoyang and Changping.

"One question a month" is not a matter of solving the problems of renovation and promotion of some old residential areas, but a matter of continuous grasping and whole-process management, and finally a complete closed loop is formed.

In the scheme design of old residential district reconstruction, it is planned to introduce responsible planners, give full play to the strength of professional planners, and realize the refined design of old residential district reconstruction; In the implementation of the renovation plan for old residential areas, it is planned to formulate technical guidelines for comprehensive renovation of old residential areas and further refine the renovation standards for old residential areas; In the preparation for the renovation of old residential areas, we will start to formulate guiding opinions for optimizing and improving project bidding to accelerate the process; In the quality link of the renovation project of old residential areas, it is necessary to strengthen the quality and safety supervision in the whole process of renovation and implement the lifelong accountability system for quality and safety responsibilities.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, 508 communities in the city were included in the comprehensive improvement plan for old communities. In 2021, the number of communities included in the annual comprehensive improvement plan will reach 400. This is an example of Beijing’s speeding up and increasing efficiency in the renovation of old residential areas in the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Zhou Rong said that he would strive to complete the confirmation task of 400 residential districts in the whole year before July 1st. (Reporter Zhao Yingying)

Analyze "involution" and get rid of "involution"

  In recent years, the competition between "involution" and "involution" has become a hot word on the Internet, which has attracted widespread attention, especially in the economic field. Then, how to treat the problem of involution, what is its influence, what are its manifestations, what are its causes and how to solve it? In this regard, we inviteProfessor Liu Zhibiao, Executive Dean of Changjiang Industrial Economic Research Institute of Nanjing University.,Professor Mao Zhenhua, Co-Director of Economic Research Institute of Renmin University of China.Answer.

  What is the impact of "involution"

  Moderator:On July 30th, 2024, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen industry self-discipline and prevent "involution" vicious competition. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to preventing "involution". Then, what impact does "involution" have on the economy?

  Liu Zhibiao:At present, the problem of "involution" has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad, which has substantially affected the situation and direction of China’s economic operation and development. There are two completely different views on this. One view is that market competition is "involution" to a certain extent. As some scholars have pointed out, Japanese enterprises are "decisive at home and decisive abroad" and gain international competitiveness through domestic market competition. Another point of view is that China’s "involution" competition leads to more and more sales and lower prices, so it is a reason for the current economic contraction. If the latter is established, the problem will become quite serious, instead of being an ordinary market competition phenomenon.

  Mao Zhenhua:At present, the "involution" competition of enterprises in China has caused a certain impact at home and abroad. In China, the "involution" competition leads to the decline of commodity prices, which leads to the decline of corporate profits, which in turn leads to the decline of residents’ wage income and consumption power. In addition, with the further intensification of "involution" competition, the market may gradually take price as the sole criterion to measure products, which may lead to the phenomenon of "cutting corners and counterfeiting" that once existed in the era of backward technology and cruel competition in the past. In foreign countries, the "involution" of China enterprises has caused some negative public opinions.

  The main manifestations of "involution"

  Moderator:Whether it is "involution" or "involution" competition, what are its manifestations in the economic field?

  Liu Zhibiao:The problem of involution can be analyzed from three levels: micro, meso and macro. At the micro level, it involves the choice of enterprise strategy and behavior, such as occupying the market at a low price; At the meso level, we need to pay attention to the relationship between enterprises within the industry, such as the relationship between entry and exit and the degree of competition; At the macro level, it is necessary to grasp the macro situation and trend from the perspective of the balance between total supply and total demand. Here, I focus on the discussion from the perspective of the middle industry.

  First, from the perspective of industry balance, when the production capacity or supply capacity of an industry significantly exceeds the expansion speed of its market capacity, it will lead to the shrinking market share of each enterprise. Because the growth of market capacity can’t keep up with the expansion of production capacity, it is easy to trigger a price war. This situation is particularly obvious in China’s new energy automobile industry. The increase of inventory pressure and oversupply have directly led to the outbreak of price war, which has become an important factor for the automobile industry to reflect on low profit rate or even loss.

  The second is to understand from the income of input factors. The "involution" mainly shows that the marginal income of factor input decreases until the marginal income drops to zero or becomes negative. At this time, enterprises continue to invest because vicious competition poses a threat to survival, and whoever does not continue to invest will die first. In the past, in order to attract large projects, local governments competed to provide preferential conditions, such as "three exemptions and two reductions" and "five exemptions and five reductions", which eventually led to meager local income, and most of the income flowed to investors. Excessive discretionary investment behavior not only makes the benefits flow to the capital owners too much, but also breeds a large number of groups rushing to get the benefits of the project, which in turn leads to overcapacity.

  The third is to analyze from the perspective of innovation. In the absence of innovation, technological development mainly depends on imitation and introduction, and the competition among enterprises often manifests itself as homogeneous competition, which eventually evolves into a vicious price war. Due to the lack of differentiation and pricing ability of homogeneous competitive products, enterprises can’t control market share through product characteristics, so they can’t raise prices, so they can only compete by lowering prices.

  Fourth, from the perspective of industrial entry, when the entry threshold of an industry is too low, or although there are certain entry thresholds, competitors can easily break through these thresholds with the support of government forces, which will lead to a rapid influx of too many enterprises in the limited market capacity. Because these enterprises can’t achieve economies of scale, they can only compete by lowering prices in the end, thus triggering a vicious price war.

  Fifth, from the perspective of industrial chain, China has a strong production capacity in the field of end products, forming many industry giants. However, these giants often transfer the fierce competition pressure between them to upstream suppliers through various methods and channels, which shows the growth of robbing suppliers. For example, the downstream chain owner enterprise delays payment to the upstream supplier, often for half a year or even more, or forces the supplier to reduce the price by 15%-20% quickly in the short term, otherwise it refuses to purchase its products. This practice is actually to enhance their competitiveness by squeezing upstream enterprises. In addition, all kinds of centralized purchasing behaviors for final products, such as centralized purchasing in the communication equipment market and centralized purchasing in the pharmaceutical market, often lead to the price being pushed down to a surprising level, which is very serious.

  Mao Zhenhua:The main form of "involution" competition among enterprises in China is involution price, while price reduction mainly depends on cost reduction, which comes from salary reduction, layoffs and R&D reduction. Especially for industries with relatively low industrial and technical thresholds and products that are easy to copy, latecomers have more room for cost reduction. Starting from VC (venture capital, also translated as venture capital), the first-time enterprises finally formed an industrial structure after several rounds of investment, and invested a lot of costs in this process. However, the second-time enterprises do not need such a large-scale basic investment, and can directly use ready-made technologies and equipment, so their cost is lower and it is easier to achieve "involution".

  The deep-seated reasons of "involution"

  Moderator:When analyzing problems, we should look at the essence through phenomena. Then, what are the deep-seated or essential reasons for the "involution" in the economic field?

  Liu Zhibiao:The phenomenon of "involution" can be analyzed from the classical three-dimensional structure of technology, market and system.

  First, from the strategic concept of China enterprises. For a long time, some enterprises in China have relied on the concept of competition, which is a non-cooperative competition game rather than a win-win cooperation game. This concept is based on the thinking of zero-sum competition, that is, pushing competitors into trouble by means of price reduction, thus occupying a dominant position in the market. This kind of competitive thought not only exists in the domestic market, but also prevails in the international market, but it is often not welcomed by the enterprises and governments in the host country.

  Second, from the perspective of industrial organization structure. China’s industrial organization mechanism has long been imperfect. Specifically, despite decades of competition, China’s enterprises have not yet formed the common oligopoly market structure in modern market economy. Oligopoly market structure is the micro-foundation of market economy in developed countries, in which several oligopolistic enterprises dominate the market and at the same time drive a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. This structure promotes the competition and cooperation between the main enterprises in the industrial chain and the upstream suppliers, and forms the governance mechanism, which forms the foundation of modern market economy. In the course of industrialization of about 200 years, western countries have experienced eight large-scale waves of mergers and acquisitions, which have shaped the current market structure. In contrast, China has not experienced a similar wave of mergers and acquisitions. Therefore, the imperfection of China’s industrial organization structure and the consequent "involution" phenomenon conform to the basic laws and viewpoints revealed by industrial economics to some extent.

  Third, from the way the government participates in competition. The way the government participates in the competition leads to or aggravates the defect of industrial organization structure to a certain extent. One of the characteristics of China’s economic system transition is that the central government devolves power to local governments instead of delegating all power to enterprises. After becoming the main body of development, local governments have a variety of means to participate in market competition. Among them, providing various preferential policies is a common way of competition for local governments. In recent years, a new phenomenon is that local governments participate in competition by setting up various funds. Local governments participate in market competition by means of fund investment, which has potential risks because it may aggravate the involution competition in the market.

  Fourth, from the perspective of institutional mechanisms. The administrative regional pattern formed since the reform and opening up has hindered the formation of a unified national market. The administrative regional pattern makes the competition mainly between the block economies. In these massive economies, the coordination mechanism is often a mixture of administrative orders and market coordination, while the external coordination mechanism mainly depends on the administrative relationship between regions. This state has hindered the free flow of factors and fair competition to some extent. The recently issued "Guidelines for National Unified Big Market Standards" aims to solve this problem and standardize the behavior of local governments. However, because the economic, administrative and judicial functions of local governments have not been completely straightened out, the guide can play a certain role, but it cannot completely solve the problem. To solve this problem fundamentally, we need to further adhere to the market-oriented reform, clarify the basic functions of the government and the market, and then establish the division of responsibilities and the relationship between the central and local governments.

  Mao Zhenhua:From the perspective of price, I think that the formation of "involution" competition of enterprises comes from the problem of supply and demand. Long-term oversupply will lead to overcapacity and promote enterprise involution. From the demand side, the demand has shrunk in recent years, especially the lack of domestic demand and the weakening of terminal consumption. From the supply side, a long-term supply side force will form a large amount of production capacity, leading to oversupply.

  The convergence of industrial policies of local governments will further aggravate overcapacity, which is an important reason for the "involution" competition of enterprises. In order to attract investment, local governments have launched various industrial funds, and the convergent industrial policies have further intensified the homogenization competition. Local governments promote the development of an industry at the same time, which will soon turn an industry from a "window" into a "risk exposure". We should reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of the government’s personal investment and industrial layout, whether it is shifting from advantages exceeding disadvantages to disadvantages exceeding advantages, whether it will lead to overcapacity and further promote the "involution" competition of enterprises.

  Ways to get rid of the problem of "involution"

  Moderator:How to overcome the negative effects of involution? How to prevent "involution" fundamentally?

  Liu Zhibiao:First, to solve the problem fundamentally, we must strengthen the construction of enterprise autonomy and decision-making independence, and implement hard budget constraints including economic responsibility and bankruptcy. Without the hard budget constraint mechanism, enterprises will not use resources effectively, nor will they make responsible management and strategic decisions. Such enterprises cannot compete effectively in the market.

  The second is to carry out the system reform in which local governments participate in competition. In this system, it is necessary to stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments and prevent the occurrence of unfair competition, which constitutes a pair of contradictory relations and is a highly complex worldwide problem. It may be necessary to solve it slowly from the aspects of power restriction and separation of functions according to the requirements of rule of law.

  The third is to reconstruct the industrial organization structure of China. National policies should be devoted to promoting the formation of monopolistic competition market structure, and promote the merger, acquisition, bankruptcy and reorganization of enterprises through market competition mechanism.

  Fourth, the national macro-level policy efforts. Here, I will focus on some suggestions for the transformation of industrial policy:

  First, we should support the transfer of industrial policies to the front end, rather than the back-end capacity replication. In the past, industrial policies often supported the replication and expansion of production capacity. This is correct in the era of shortage economy. But now it not only intensifies market competition and overcapacity, but also promotes the phenomenon of "involution". Industrial policy should now pay more attention to front-end research and development and innovation. Although the intensification of front-end competition may lead to repeated investment of certain resources, which seems to be a waste, it is actually a necessary cost and price for technological progress. Once an enterprise obtains results through research and development and applies for a patent, other enterprises will naturally quit. Therefore, industrial policies should shift from supporting capacity expansion to supporting scientific and technological innovation, especially front-end innovation activities.

  Second, the subsidy mode of industrial policy needs directional adjustment. Previous policies tended to subsidize producers, which easily led to overcapacity, rent-seeking and corruption. We should turn to subsidizing consumers, users and customers to expand market demand. In this way, the problem of "involution" can be effectively alleviated.

  Third, the implementation method of industrial policy needs to be transformed. In the past, the main practice was to select losers and winners, and selectively support those enterprises that were considered competitive without competition in advance, ignoring the development needs of other enterprises. In addition to being unfair, this practice will also contribute to overcapacity. Industrial policy should support the creation of a favorable and fair competition environment for innovation, rather than simply supporting specific enterprises.

  Fourth, the main body of industrial policy implementation should move up. It should be combined with the reform of local government functions to transform the local leading industrial policy into the central leading industrial policy. This is the basic premise of building a unified big market in China. If the industrial policy function continues to be dominated by local governments, it will be difficult to form a unified big market in China. Because the market will be divided into block structures by local government’s industrial competition means. The implementation of the central leading industrial policy does not mean returning to the planned economy, but reducing the number of industrial policies, so that the central government can concentrate resources to support several key industries instead of intervening in all industries. In most developed countries, it is usually the function of the central government to formulate industrial policies, and local governments rarely get involved. The special situation in China is that most industrial policies are dominated by local governments, which participate in market competition not for the purpose of realizing public interests, which leads to market segmentation. Therefore, some industries that are vital to the country, especially industrial policies that are suitable for developing new quality productive forces, should be uniformly implemented at the central level, which is conducive to achieving the consistency of rules, policies and coordination of actions.

  Mao Zhenhua:How to solve the negative effects brought by the "involution" competition of China enterprises will affect the operation of international trade and the economic trend of China. The problem of "involution" competition among enterprises in China is very complicated, and it is ultimately necessary to solve the problem in economic development. Under the background that western capitalist countries have introduced policies to support enterprises’ export, China is no exception. Before new international trade advantages are formed, we should maintain our existing advantages and not simply and rudely raise product prices to eliminate "involution", which is neither reasonable nor feasible.

  At the same time, the government should introduce policies to protect the competitive pattern of China’s export industry under the current price advantage. However, under the premise of maintaining the existing advantages, we should actively deal with new problems. In the process of governance, we should give play to the role of market mechanism, form consistent expectations from recognizing policies to behaviors, and actively deal with the negative effects brought by "involution" competition. First, we should pay attention to the chaos of low-price competition among enterprises, and introduce relevant policies to promote fair competition and restrict enterprises from unfair competition in a way below cost. The second is to properly handle the relationship between "promising government" and "effective market" to prevent improper government intervention from aggravating overcapacity. Third, chain owners should actively take measures to comprehensively sort out the problems existing in product pricing, wages and benefits, labor assessment, etc., seriously think about it, take the initiative to take improvement measures, respond to social concerns, and make contributions to changing the "involution" competition. Finally, scientific and technological innovation should lead the development of new quality productive forces and accelerate the formation of new competitive advantages. Of course, this process is inseparable from the support of the academic community. The "involution" competition among enterprises in China has posed a very important question not only to China, but also to global economists, that is, how to reshape the world trade theory in theory. With the improvement of China’s economic development level, the basic theory of world trade and competition may change. The practice of simply relying on cost theory to build a theoretical framework needs to be adjusted in the current situation, and it is suggested to strengthen theoretical research in this field in the future. (Moderator: Li Pan)

A large number of generic pharmaceutical companies are in trouble.

comeSource | Cyberblue (unauthorized reprinting is prohibited)

engage by special arrangementWritten by | Dong Zecheng

Enterprises are an important part of China’s pharmaceutical industry. Like other members of the pharmaceutical industry, imitation pharmaceutical companies have made great contributions to the development of China’s health cause in the past 30 years.

In recent years, generic pharmaceutical companies are facing difficulties. The fundamental reason is that the domestic economic development has entered a new era of pursuing high quality, high efficiency and fairness, and all walks of life, including the pharmaceutical industry, have to change their development ideas and models.

At present, only by carrying out consistency evaluation, doing a good job in the research and development of generic drugs, and actively participating in all kinds of centralized procurement, can generic pharmaceutical companies get through the current predicament.

Specifically, the difficulties faced by generic pharmaceutical companies have the following specific reasons:

01  

Five reasons why generic pharmaceutical companies are facing difficulties

The first is the adjustment of generic drug prices.The quantity procurement implemented in 2018 has gradually reduced the price of domestic generic drugs to the level of international standards. The correction of generic drug prices is the direct reason why generic drug companies are facing profit pressure.

The second is the strengthening of industry supervision.In the early days of pharmaceutical marketization, the supervision of all links in the generic drug ecological chain, including R&D, access, quality, production and sales, was relatively loose, and everyone’s life was relatively better. In the era of high-quality development, the supervision of the above links has been significantly strengthened, and some debts owed in the past high-speed development period are gradually being made up.

The third is the pain caused by the reform of the medical supply side.The supply-side reform of medicine is the only way for the high-quality development of medicine. The result of removing excess capacity will inevitably affect generic pharmaceutical companies.

The fourth is the international environmental impact.The international pressure that China will inevitably face after its peaceful rise, and the rising oil price caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, all put pressure on the operation of generic pharmaceutical companies at this stage.

Fifth, the COVID-19 epidemic.The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on pharmaceutical companies is mainly limited in all aspects. Since 2022, the epidemic has continued to have a great impact on the pharmaceutical industry.

Since March, two megacities, Shanghai and Beijing, have been under blockade and regional control, and the epidemic situation in other parts of the country has had a great impact on pharmaceutical companies. The main impacts include limited medical institutions’ diagnosis and treatment, limited patients’ seeing a doctor, limited movement of medical practitioners, limited sales of related products such as colds, and the year-on-year decline in the incidence of some diseases.

The COVID-19 epidemic and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine not only brought troubles to the production and operation of pharmaceutical companies, but also had a great impact on the psychological level of medical people.

Since the medical reform entered the real deep water area in 2015, many people of insight in the industry have realized the arrival of the crisis. Some pharmaceutical companies have seized the time to transform successfully, and some pharmaceutical companies are still in the state of boiling frogs in warm water.

Looking back at the current time node, some original predictions are gradually becoming a reality. For example, many years ago, someone predicted the future ecological circle pattern of domestic pharmaceutical industry.

02  

Future domestic pharmaceutical industry pattern

What is the ecological circle pattern of domestic pharmaceutical industry in the future?

Many generic pharmaceutical companies will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage in the wave of supply-side reform in the era of high-quality development. The future pharmaceutical industry ecology may be like this:

First, 3-5 head pharmaceutical companies with sales or market value exceeding 100 billion.This should include generic drug predators, giant central enterprises, innovative drugs upstarts and senior traditional and established pharmaceutical companies. TOP1 pharmaceutical companies may exceed 200 billion sales or market value.

The second is about 30 waist pharmaceutical companies with sales or market value of 10-50 billion yuan.There are mainly traditional established pharmaceutical companies (generic drugs+innovative drugs), innovative pharmaceutical companies and central enterprises, and there are almost no pure imitation pharmaceutical companies.

The rest are about 300-500 small and beautiful companies.Sales or market value is not large, mainly concentrated in a certain field such as rare diseases, anti-infection, tumors, mental nerves and so on. A company that has developed a single product but caters to the needs of the development of Chinese disease spectrum may be a small and beautiful pharmaceutical company. Many of these companies have developed from Biotech, and there will be no traces of imitation pharmaceutical companies at all.

The research and development of innovative drugs itself is characterized by long cycle, high risk and large investment. Some private enterprises are not strong in financial strength, and state-owned enterprises have always been less enthusiastic about investing in innovative drugs because of mechanism reasons.Therefore, it is probably the fate of many generic pharmaceutical companies to continue to cultivate generic drugs.

If so, the future competition seems very realistic and cruel. But this is the future after all. How can the current generic pharmaceutical companies tide over the difficulties and achieve transformation? How to live with time for space in the transition period?

03  

The way out for generic pharmaceutical companies

The first is to protect the existing approvals.The domestic pharmaceutical market is gradually returning to the era of "product is king" from "marketing is king" and "market is king". Drug approval is the most important asset of pharmaceutical companies. For generic drugs, consistency evaluation must be done as much as possible, and the evaluation should be exhausted. copyThe consistency evaluation of drugs is changing from the previous product life and death symbol to the amulet of future generic drugs.

The product assets of future generic pharmaceutical companies are mainly reflected in the number of products that have passed the consistency evaluation. Even if you now have 500 generic drug approval numbers, but only ten have passed the conformity evaluation, then the future assets are these ten, plus the products that cannot be evaluated in conformity. Because the policy is getting tighter and tighter, medical institutions will stop selling products that have not been evaluated after the implementation of national procurement.Please note that medical institutions stopped selling, not the internal standard market.. 

Many of the generic drugs mentioned just now that cannot be evaluated for consistency are because there is no reference preparation. Why is there no reference preparation? This may be related to the China characteristics of new drug development in previous years. This kind of products are similar to many exclusive products of Chinese patent medicines. At present, there is no clear statement on how to manage them in the future, but the author is not optimistic about this kind of products (many of them are so-called exclusive products, exclusive dosage forms and exclusive specifications).

The second is to seize the time window to do the research and development of imitation new drugs, and exchange time for space.

Consistency evaluation+centralized procurement has reshaped the domestic drug business logic, which has given birth to many opportunities, including products that have been adopted in China. Some enterprises have achieved overtaking in corners because of winning the bid; Some pharmaceutical companies cater to the policy trend and quickly develop suitable products to fight for national adoption, and they have also done a good job.

Crisis crisis has always been the coexistence of "danger" and "opportunity". Imitation pharmaceutical companies should make research and development projects of generic drugs with optimistic attitude, keen insight, professional judgment and moderately advanced investment awareness.

In this round of centralized procurement, pharmaceutical companies in Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Zhejiang have actively participated in the national procurement because of their unfocused consistency evaluation, and have basically established the market position of future head imitation pharmaceutical companies. This fact should arouse the profound reflection of other generic pharmaceutical companies, and reflect on their own sensitivity in understanding national policies and their gains and losses in the company’s development strategy.

The reality is that due to policy changes, the valuation of generic drugs has dropped by 1/2 to 4/5, and the development of generic drugs is becoming more and more difficult. It is a job of catching mice in porcelain shops and embroidering needles. But there is still a chance,It is to seize the development and fight for the country.

Since 2022, the author has cooperated with the company’s R&D department to intensively investigate more than 100 projects for the establishment of generic new drugs. Most of them are worthless, but some projects still have good business prospects. Even in the face of various policy changes in the future, the deduction results of our sales scenarios are optimistic, and we feel that the risks are relatively controllable. Specifically, the current research and development of generic drugs needs to pay special attention to the following dimensions.

04  

Five dimensions of generic drug research and development project

First, the stock market should be large enough.The biggest charm of national mining lies in the quantity and the reshuffle of the stock market. Therefore, the stock market is an important dimension. If the stock exceeds 1 billion, about 500 million will be valuable, and the market of 100 million will depend on listed manufacturers, consistency evaluation and the number of R&D companies. Those below 100 million should pay attention to risks.

Second, there are as few listed manufacturers as possible.This is the same as the previous generic drug research and development project, "first imitation as much as possible."

Third, there are as few manufacturers under research as possible.This is the same as before.

Fourth, the bid price is competitive without national mining or centralized mining.Because the purpose of development is to fight for national adoption, it is easy to understand that there is no national adoption. However, the reality is that it has been almost four years since the national drug collection was carried out. Under the background of "all drugs should be collected", I am afraid that most commonly used clinical drugs will be collected in the future. It doesn’t matter, there is also gold in the products that have been collected. Because of the introduction of the national mining renewal rules, sometimes it has unique value, which requires our discerning eyes to gain insight and consider various scenarios at the same time when establishing the project.

The fifth is to investigate the market access attributes of products such as medical insurance and basic drugs.Judging from the previous batches of national procurement, the probability of national procurement of non-medical insurance products is small, and the basic drugs are all medical insurance products, while the policy orientation is that the attributes such as medical insurance basic drugs are becoming more and more important in the standard market. Are these lines particularly wrapped around? No way, the project of generic drugs is to fully consider the various possible combinations of each generic drug label and deduce various possible scenarios in the future.

The supply-side reform of medicine cannot be achieved overnight, and it will take a long time to establish the era of high-quality development of medicine. The reshaping of the pharmaceutical industry ecosystem mentioned above may come when the strategy of "Healthy China 2030" is reached.

Therefore, it is the only way for generic pharmaceutical companies to break through the current difficult period by seizing the time to do a good job in the consistency evaluation of generic drugs, research and development projects, and trading time for space.

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