On January 29th, the State Council Office held a press conference on "looking back" on the implementation of rectification measures for serious accidents in the past five years. Wang Chongxian, the first-class inspector of the Safety Coordination Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced at the press conference that road transportation and construction are two important industries in terms of safety production. The safety production situation in these two industries is similar to that in the whole country, and it is stable and continuously improving on the whole. However, serious accidents in these two industries have not been fundamentally eliminated, and the proportion of accidents is still relatively large. Of the 12 particularly serious accidents, 4 were road traffic and 2 were construction. Looking back at the implementation of this rectification, we have effectively promoted local party committees and governments and relevant departments to solve a number of specific problems that have not been fully implemented in their work.

　　In view of the problems of the exposed vehicles, such as "turning from business to non-business", "hacking cars" and "black sites", and the failure to implement the main responsibility of construction enterprises, the relevant local party committees and governments and relevant departments have made comprehensive rectification and implementation by analogy. For example, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Transport have made comprehensive arrangements to investigate the source hidden dangers of buses that have turned from operation to non-operation, strengthened the dynamic supervision of vehicles, and strengthened the work of cracking down on illegal subcontracting. The Ministry of Public Security has also launched a special campaign to "reduce the number of vehicles and control the size" of road traffic, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Energy Bureau have also comprehensively rectified the safety hidden dangers at the construction site, prevented the risk of construction waste piling, and severely cracked down on illegal subcontracting. Our relevant provinces have also taken the initiative to innovate the mechanism, rectify illegal passenger transport, withdraw from the passenger transport of more than 800 kilometers, carry out urban safety risk investigation and other measures, resolutely rectify and leave no dead ends, and ensure that the rectification is effective.

　　In the next step, the State Council Security Committee Office and Emergency Management Department will continue to push relevant departments and local party committees and governments, firmly grasp key issues and key links in the industry sector, strengthen law enforcement, and strictly investigate and deal with illegal activities in key industries. For example, from the aspects of production links and manufacturing standards, we should rectify the phenomenon of "100-ton king", deepen the governance of high-risk tunnel construction, and establish a quarterly reporting system of typical law enforcement cases, so as to effectively achieve the goal of accidents in one factory, education in ten thousand factories, hidden dangers in one place and warning in the whole country.

"Next year, the renovation of our community will start." Yesterday morning, in the Liuhe Garden North Community in Shijingshan District, Li Qilong, a resident, breathed a sigh of relief after hearing the words of the staff. "Everyone is looking forward to the transformation."

From "one-on-one" to "active governance, first without litigation", the special governance of "one issue per month" has pushed Beijing forward in "handling complaints immediately". How to solve the problem in the renovation of old residential areas that are included in the "one question per month" key supervision items? Focusing on residents’ demands, from solving a problem to solving a class of problems to the whole process management, in the first year of the "14 th Five-Year Plan", the renovation of old residential areas in Beijing should speed up and increase efficiency.

70% of residents hope that the old building will be included in the renovation plan.

"You have to wear a cotton-padded jacket to watch TV at home in winter", "It hasn’t been too hot in these years", "Every family has a cork, and when they go out for a few days, they will block the sewer with it" … Speaking of the inconvenience of living in Liuhe Garden North Community, Li Qilong and other five old residents can’t stop holding each other.

The 27-year-old Liuhe Garden North Community is a typical residential building in the early 1990s, which has the common problems of old communities: aging pipes, not hot heating in winter, and insufficient space in public areas.

"Especially insulation, in recent years, as soon as the heating season arrives, residents will call the 12345 hotline to complain that the house is not hot." Liuli, director of Liuhe Yuanbei Community Neighborhood Committee, said that the old building couldn’t be warmed up because of the lack of thermal insulation on the external wall in Gai Lou, the aging of superimposed pipes and the fact that it was located at the heating end, and about 1,400 households had to live through the winter when there was no heat in the house.

In 2020, the west courtyard of Liuhe Yuannan Community, which is separated by all the way, started the renovation of old communities. Li Qilong watched the old building of the same age not only look new, but also upgraded the building itself to the public areas outside the building, and added supporting facilities such as a three-dimensional parking garage, an elderly living room and an elderly dining table. "When can the community be included in the transformation?" Liuli was chased by the old residents and asked.

"The street started a household survey and found that more than 70% of residents have the willingness to transform." Lai Yinghui, deputy director of Lu Gu Sub-district Office in Shijingshan District, said that after street declaration, Liuhe Garden North Community was finally included in the list of comprehensive renovation of the second batch of old communities in 2021, and construction is planned to start next year.

From solving a problem to solving a class of problems.

Pingyuan Community, No.7 Courtyard of Songyu North Road, No.40 Courtyard of Taiping Road … In fact, most of the 150 old communities included in the second batch of comprehensive improvement list in 2021 belong to communities with concentrated residents’ willingness to transform.

In the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the municipal party committee and government focused on 27 high-frequency and difficult livelihood issues, and launched the special treatment of "one problem per month". Among them, the renovation of old residential areas as a "people’s livelihood improvement complex" has also been included in the "one question per month" to focus on solving supervision matters, and the lead department is the Municipal Housing Construction Committee.

How to solve problems? By combing the work orders of the 12345 hotline about the renovation of old residential areas last year, the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development found that citizens’ demands focused on the application and project quality, and it was natural to focus on the application and project quality to solve the difficulties in promoting the renovation of old residential areas.

"We should change from solving a problem to solving a class of problems, and study and establish a long-term mechanism for work promotion and daily management." Zhou Rong, deputy director of the Housing Safety Equipment Department of the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, introduced that the Notice on Improving the Application of Comprehensive Renovation Projects in Old Residential Areas and the Notice on Strengthening the Quality Management of Comprehensive Renovation Projects in Old Residential Areas have been drafted, and 12345 is being studied and improved. The normalization mechanism of "handling complaints immediately" is dynamically analyzed, and the appeal of 12345 hotline is dynamically analyzed. "All districts should report old residential areas that meet the transformation conditions in time."

Whole process management forms a closed loop.

On May 25, 2021, two communities, Nanli and Penglai Apartment, Hualongyuan, Changping District, welcomed the municipal inspection team with the residents’ complaint work list, which was to check the quality of the renovation project of the old community.

From April to now, in two months, the municipal inspection team jointly formed by the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection has conducted on-site inspections on 18 communities with concentrated engineering quality demands in seven districts of Tongzhou, Fengtai, Xicheng, Daxing, Shijingshan, Chaoyang and Changping.

"One question a month" is not a matter of solving the problems of renovation and promotion of some old residential areas, but a matter of continuous grasping and whole-process management, and finally a complete closed loop is formed.

In the scheme design of old residential district reconstruction, it is planned to introduce responsible planners, give full play to the strength of professional planners, and realize the refined design of old residential district reconstruction; In the implementation of the renovation plan for old residential areas, it is planned to formulate technical guidelines for comprehensive renovation of old residential areas and further refine the renovation standards for old residential areas; In the preparation for the renovation of old residential areas, we will start to formulate guiding opinions for optimizing and improving project bidding to accelerate the process; In the quality link of the renovation project of old residential areas, it is necessary to strengthen the quality and safety supervision in the whole process of renovation and implement the lifelong accountability system for quality and safety responsibilities.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, 508 communities in the city were included in the comprehensive improvement plan for old communities. In 2021, the number of communities included in the annual comprehensive improvement plan will reach 400. This is an example of Beijing’s speeding up and increasing efficiency in the renovation of old residential areas in the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Zhou Rong said that he would strive to complete the confirmation task of 400 residential districts in the whole year before July 1st. (Reporter Zhao Yingying)

comeSource | Cyberblue (unauthorized reprinting is prohibited)

engage by special arrangementWritten by | Dong Zecheng

Enterprises are an important part of China’s pharmaceutical industry. Like other members of the pharmaceutical industry, imitation pharmaceutical companies have made great contributions to the development of China’s health cause in the past 30 years.

In recent years, generic pharmaceutical companies are facing difficulties. The fundamental reason is that the domestic economic development has entered a new era of pursuing high quality, high efficiency and fairness, and all walks of life, including the pharmaceutical industry, have to change their development ideas and models.

At present, only by carrying out consistency evaluation, doing a good job in the research and development of generic drugs, and actively participating in all kinds of centralized procurement, can generic pharmaceutical companies get through the current predicament.

Specifically, the difficulties faced by generic pharmaceutical companies have the following specific reasons:

01　　

Five reasons why generic pharmaceutical companies are facing difficulties

The first is the adjustment of generic drug prices.The quantity procurement implemented in 2018 has gradually reduced the price of domestic generic drugs to the level of international standards. The correction of generic drug prices is the direct reason why generic drug companies are facing profit pressure.

The second is the strengthening of industry supervision.In the early days of pharmaceutical marketization, the supervision of all links in the generic drug ecological chain, including R&D, access, quality, production and sales, was relatively loose, and everyone’s life was relatively better. In the era of high-quality development, the supervision of the above links has been significantly strengthened, and some debts owed in the past high-speed development period are gradually being made up.

The third is the pain caused by the reform of the medical supply side.The supply-side reform of medicine is the only way for the high-quality development of medicine. The result of removing excess capacity will inevitably affect generic pharmaceutical companies.

The fourth is the international environmental impact.The international pressure that China will inevitably face after its peaceful rise, and the rising oil price caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, all put pressure on the operation of generic pharmaceutical companies at this stage.

Fifth, the COVID-19 epidemic.The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on pharmaceutical companies is mainly limited in all aspects. Since 2022, the epidemic has continued to have a great impact on the pharmaceutical industry.

Since March, two megacities, Shanghai and Beijing, have been under blockade and regional control, and the epidemic situation in other parts of the country has had a great impact on pharmaceutical companies. The main impacts include limited medical institutions’ diagnosis and treatment, limited patients’ seeing a doctor, limited movement of medical practitioners, limited sales of related products such as colds, and the year-on-year decline in the incidence of some diseases.

The COVID-19 epidemic and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine not only brought troubles to the production and operation of pharmaceutical companies, but also had a great impact on the psychological level of medical people.

Since the medical reform entered the real deep water area in 2015, many people of insight in the industry have realized the arrival of the crisis. Some pharmaceutical companies have seized the time to transform successfully, and some pharmaceutical companies are still in the state of boiling frogs in warm water.

Looking back at the current time node, some original predictions are gradually becoming a reality. For example, many years ago, someone predicted the future ecological circle pattern of domestic pharmaceutical industry.

02　　

Future domestic pharmaceutical industry pattern

What is the ecological circle pattern of domestic pharmaceutical industry in the future?

Many generic pharmaceutical companies will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage in the wave of supply-side reform in the era of high-quality development. The future pharmaceutical industry ecology may be like this:

First, 3-5 head pharmaceutical companies with sales or market value exceeding 100 billion.This should include generic drug predators, giant central enterprises, innovative drugs upstarts and senior traditional and established pharmaceutical companies. TOP1 pharmaceutical companies may exceed 200 billion sales or market value.

The second is about 30 waist pharmaceutical companies with sales or market value of 10-50 billion yuan.There are mainly traditional established pharmaceutical companies (generic drugs+innovative drugs), innovative pharmaceutical companies and central enterprises, and there are almost no pure imitation pharmaceutical companies.

The rest are about 300-500 small and beautiful companies.Sales or market value is not large, mainly concentrated in a certain field such as rare diseases, anti-infection, tumors, mental nerves and so on. A company that has developed a single product but caters to the needs of the development of Chinese disease spectrum may be a small and beautiful pharmaceutical company. Many of these companies have developed from Biotech, and there will be no traces of imitation pharmaceutical companies at all.

The research and development of innovative drugs itself is characterized by long cycle, high risk and large investment. Some private enterprises are not strong in financial strength, and state-owned enterprises have always been less enthusiastic about investing in innovative drugs because of mechanism reasons.Therefore, it is probably the fate of many generic pharmaceutical companies to continue to cultivate generic drugs.

If so, the future competition seems very realistic and cruel. But this is the future after all. How can the current generic pharmaceutical companies tide over the difficulties and achieve transformation? How to live with time for space in the transition period?

03　　

The way out for generic pharmaceutical companies

The first is to protect the existing approvals.The domestic pharmaceutical market is gradually returning to the era of "product is king" from "marketing is king" and "market is king". Drug approval is the most important asset of pharmaceutical companies. For generic drugs, consistency evaluation must be done as much as possible, and the evaluation should be exhausted. copyThe consistency evaluation of drugs is changing from the previous product life and death symbol to the amulet of future generic drugs.

The product assets of future generic pharmaceutical companies are mainly reflected in the number of products that have passed the consistency evaluation. Even if you now have 500 generic drug approval numbers, but only ten have passed the conformity evaluation, then the future assets are these ten, plus the products that cannot be evaluated in conformity. Because the policy is getting tighter and tighter, medical institutions will stop selling products that have not been evaluated after the implementation of national procurement.Please note that medical institutions stopped selling, not the internal standard market..　

Many of the generic drugs mentioned just now that cannot be evaluated for consistency are because there is no reference preparation. Why is there no reference preparation? This may be related to the China characteristics of new drug development in previous years. This kind of products are similar to many exclusive products of Chinese patent medicines. At present, there is no clear statement on how to manage them in the future, but the author is not optimistic about this kind of products (many of them are so-called exclusive products, exclusive dosage forms and exclusive specifications).

The second is to seize the time window to do the research and development of imitation new drugs, and exchange time for space.

Consistency evaluation+centralized procurement has reshaped the domestic drug business logic, which has given birth to many opportunities, including products that have been adopted in China. Some enterprises have achieved overtaking in corners because of winning the bid; Some pharmaceutical companies cater to the policy trend and quickly develop suitable products to fight for national adoption, and they have also done a good job.

Crisis crisis has always been the coexistence of "danger" and "opportunity". Imitation pharmaceutical companies should make research and development projects of generic drugs with optimistic attitude, keen insight, professional judgment and moderately advanced investment awareness.

In this round of centralized procurement, pharmaceutical companies in Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Zhejiang have actively participated in the national procurement because of their unfocused consistency evaluation, and have basically established the market position of future head imitation pharmaceutical companies. This fact should arouse the profound reflection of other generic pharmaceutical companies, and reflect on their own sensitivity in understanding national policies and their gains and losses in the company’s development strategy.

The reality is that due to policy changes, the valuation of generic drugs has dropped by 1/2 to 4/5, and the development of generic drugs is becoming more and more difficult. It is a job of catching mice in porcelain shops and embroidering needles. But there is still a chance,It is to seize the development and fight for the country.

Since 2022, the author has cooperated with the company’s R&D department to intensively investigate more than 100 projects for the establishment of generic new drugs. Most of them are worthless, but some projects still have good business prospects. Even in the face of various policy changes in the future, the deduction results of our sales scenarios are optimistic, and we feel that the risks are relatively controllable. Specifically, the current research and development of generic drugs needs to pay special attention to the following dimensions.

04　　

Five dimensions of generic drug research and development project

First, the stock market should be large enough.The biggest charm of national mining lies in the quantity and the reshuffle of the stock market. Therefore, the stock market is an important dimension. If the stock exceeds 1 billion, about 500 million will be valuable, and the market of 100 million will depend on listed manufacturers, consistency evaluation and the number of R&D companies. Those below 100 million should pay attention to risks.

Second, there are as few listed manufacturers as possible.This is the same as the previous generic drug research and development project, "first imitation as much as possible."

Third, there are as few manufacturers under research as possible.This is the same as before.

Fourth, the bid price is competitive without national mining or centralized mining.Because the purpose of development is to fight for national adoption, it is easy to understand that there is no national adoption. However, the reality is that it has been almost four years since the national drug collection was carried out. Under the background of "all drugs should be collected", I am afraid that most commonly used clinical drugs will be collected in the future. It doesn’t matter, there is also gold in the products that have been collected. Because of the introduction of the national mining renewal rules, sometimes it has unique value, which requires our discerning eyes to gain insight and consider various scenarios at the same time when establishing the project.

The fifth is to investigate the market access attributes of products such as medical insurance and basic drugs.Judging from the previous batches of national procurement, the probability of national procurement of non-medical insurance products is small, and the basic drugs are all medical insurance products, while the policy orientation is that the attributes such as medical insurance basic drugs are becoming more and more important in the standard market. Are these lines particularly wrapped around? No way, the project of generic drugs is to fully consider the various possible combinations of each generic drug label and deduce various possible scenarios in the future.

The supply-side reform of medicine cannot be achieved overnight, and it will take a long time to establish the era of high-quality development of medicine. The reshaping of the pharmaceutical industry ecosystem mentioned above may come when the strategy of "Healthy China 2030" is reached.

Therefore, it is the only way for generic pharmaceutical companies to break through the current difficult period by seizing the time to do a good job in the consistency evaluation of generic drugs, research and development projects, and trading time for space.

Kim Jong Il and Jin Zhengzhe

　　Expert: Kim Jong Il’s son may take over.

　　A recent broadcast in North Korea shows that North Korean leader Kim Jong Il is creating conditions for one of his sons to take over, but his plan faces some problems.

　　South Korean intelligence experts say a recent comment by North Korean radio is a sign that Kim Jong Il intends to finally hand over power to one of his sons. South Korean media said that North Korea’s commentary quoted Kim Jong Il as saying that he would help one of his sons to take over the leadership according to the instructions of his father and North Korea’s first leader, Kim Il Sung.

　　North Korea is the only country in history that pursues Stalinist communism and follows the Confucian tradition of passing power from generation to generation by family members. After decades of preparation for taking power, Kim Jong Il finally took over the top leadership after his father died in 1994.

　　Experts say the latest broadcast reproduces the situation in the 1970s, when Pyongyang began to establish a public image of Kim Jong Il. His father, Kim Il Sung, was in his sixties, similar to Kim Jong Il’s present age. Kim Jong Il has at least three sons, but none of them has been specially designated as his successor.

　　Jin Zhengzhe: the "successor" who came from behind.

　　Jin Zhengzhe, the second son of Kim Jong Il, is 27 years old, and now the relevant authorities in North Korea occupy a prominent position. It is reported that he is a successor that Kim Jong Il is carefully cultivating after Jin Zhengnan was left out in the cold because of the fake passport incident.

　　Jin Zhengzhe studied in an international school in Bern. In order to hide his eyes and ears, Jin Zhengzhe assumed the name of the driver and cleaner’s son of the North Korean Embassy. But at that time, the Swiss staff felt something was amiss and wondered why Jin Zhengzhe’s "parents" were so respectful to him. After graduation, Jin Zhengzhe worked in the propaganda department of North Korea, which is also the place where his father Kim Jong Il worked for the first time after graduating from school, which is of great significance. Jin Zhengzhe was appointed as the First Deputy Minister of the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers’ Party of Korea in April 2004. A Korean magazine once reported that Jin Zhengzhe was crazy about American NBA basketball. He once asked his father to build a basketball court next to their country house.

　　Kim Jong-un: a "small font size" that has not been concerned by the outside world for the time being

　　Kim Jong Il’s third son, Kim Jong Un, was born in 1985 and received little attention from the outside world. Only a Japanese who claimed to be "Chef Kim Jong Il" wrote in his book: "Kim Jong-un looks like his father in every way, including his appearance and physique."

　　Experts who study North Korea believe that although Kim Jong Il has been a household name in North Korea since the 1970s, his successor status was not revealed until the Sixth Workers’ Party of Korea Congress in 1980. In view of the fact that it took more than 20 years before and after Kim Jong Il stepped onto the highest position of the leadership core step by step, it will also take a long process for him to train his successor.

Editor: Wang Yuxi

　　The reporter learned from the press conference held by Seismological Bureau of China, the Emergency Management Department, that the National Earthquake Early Warning Project, which started construction in 2018, passed the completion acceptance on 25th, and China has built the largest earthquake early warning network in the world.

　　According to the press conference, the National Earthquake Early Warning Project has built five technical systems: station observation, data processing, emergency earthquake information service, communication network and technical support and guarantee. In five key early warning areas, such as North China, Southeast Coast, North-South Earthquake Belt, Middle Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang and around Lhasa in Tibet, a second-level earthquake early warning capability was formed, and a minute-level intensity quick report capability was formed throughout the country, and the largest earthquake early warning network in the world was built.

　　Wang Xingzhou, Director of Monitoring and Forecasting Department of China Earthquake Administration, Emergency Management Department:This is a complex system with high-speed integration, including 33 early warning centers, nearly 20,000 different types of monitoring stations and a set of fully automated processing systems independently developed.

　　Since the implementation of the project in 2018, Seismological Bureau of China has insisted on construction, application and improvement. On September 5th, 2022, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 occurred in Luding, Sichuan. The China Earthquake Early Warning Network successfully released the early warning information 6.2 seconds after the earthquake, realizing the full coverage of the second-level early warning for the 1.5 million people in the epicenter and its surrounding areas. The earthquake intensity distribution map reflecting the degree of earthquake damage is automatically generated 11 minutes after the earthquake. Compared with the previous situation that it takes several days or longer to rely on manual field investigation, the output time is significantly enhanced, which provides strong support for government earthquake relief, industry emergency disposal and public emergency avoidance.

　　Zhaomin Yin, Deputy Director of Earthquake Administration of China, Emergency Management Department:It has realized the leap-forward development from minute-level earthquake quick report to second-level earthquake early warning, and its overall function and performance have reached the world advanced level. The completion and acceptance of the project marks that the project has been transferred from the construction stage to the full-scale operation, and will formally provide earthquake early warning and intensity quick reporting information services to the whole society.

　　The project has built a three-level earthquake emergency information service of "country, province and city", which has the fast service ability of second-level coverage of 100 million users through special terminals and media channels such as radio, television and WeChat. Through customized services, the application demonstration of earthquake early warning information will be completed in railway, pipe network, power grid, nuclear power and gas industries.

　　Early warning and non-prediction use seismic wave velocity difference to give an alarm.

　　What’s the difference between earthquake early warning and earthquake prediction? How does it beat the seismic wave? What are the difficulties in realizing accurate earthquake early warning?

　　Ma Qiang, Chief Engineer of National Earthquake Early Warning Project:Earthquake early warning and earthquake prediction are two completely different concepts. By earthquake prediction, we mean that before an earthquake occurs, we determine the possible time, place and size of future earthquakes according to relevant observation data and research. Earthquake early warning is something after the earthquake. More precisely, when the underground fault has just started to rupture, but its seismic wave has not spread, we will deal with it quickly to give an alarm.

　　When an earthquake occurs, both longitudinal waves and shear waves will be generated.Longitudinal waves reach the ground first, causing the ground to vibrate up and down, which is less destructive.;Shear waves are shear waves, which make the ground vibrate back and forth, left and right, and are destructive.The propagation speeds of the two waves are different. The longitudinal wave is about 6 kilometers per second, and the shear wave is only about 3.5 kilometers per second. The longitudinal wave always beats the shear wave.

　　After the intensive earthquake monitoring network captures the "longitudinal wave" signal, it will quickly determine the magnitude, intensity, focal depth and other related data, and with the help of the characteristics that electromagnetic waves travel faster than seismic waves, it will send early warning information to all terminals before the arrival of shear waves.

　　Li Yonglin, Director of China Seismological Network Center:The national earthquake early warning project has built an earthquake early warning network covering the whole country.Key early warning areaFirst reportIt takes only 7 seconds on average., atGeneral early warning areaFirst reportIt takes 10 to 30 seconds., will strive for a few seconds to dozens of seconds of warning time for the target users before the destructive earthquake waves arrive.

　　The principle and technical requirements of earthquake early warning determine that it also has certain limitations. It takes time for the early warning technology system to capture seismic waves, automatically make judgments and decisions and give an alarm. During this time, it is too late to give an early warning within the range where the destructive shear waves spread, so there is an early warning blind zone in a certain range near the epicenter. Moreover, the more serious the damage is, the shorter the warning time can be provided, and the damage in the area with long warning time is relatively light. In addition, because the recording time of seismic waves used in earthquake early warning is too short and the information of source rupture is insufficient, the measured magnitude is often deviated from the actual magnitude. As a fully automatic real-time system, there are still risks of false positives and false negatives.

　　Ma Qiang, Chief Engineer of National Earthquake Early Warning Project:China is one of the few countries with large-scale early warning capability. Compared with Japan, Mexico, the United States and other countries, China’s early warning coverage is larger, more effective, more stable, and serves more people. The overall function and performance have reached the world advanced level.

　　Early warning several seconds in advance can effectively avoid risks and reduce disasters.

　　Earthquake early warning is an alarm issued a few seconds or dozens of seconds before the arrival of destructive seismic waves after an earthquake. How effective can this short warning of a few seconds play?

　　On August 6, 2023, 7.5 seconds after the earthquake of magnitude 5.5 occurred in Shandong Plain, the national railway earthquake information exchange platform received the earthquake warning information issued by the national early warning project, and several passenger trains took emergency braking measures.

　　Zhang Geming, Principal Investigator of china academy of railway sciences Group:The early warning of high-speed railway earthquake and emergency handling of high-speed train-ground linkage have been realized. This system has been fully promoted and applied in newly-built high-speed railways in China, and has also been applied in Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway.

　　Although the earthquake warning is only a few seconds, every second of earthquake risk avoidance and disaster reduction is precious. One second in advance, the solenoid valve can be closed, two seconds in advance, the nuclear power plant can be stopped urgently, and three seconds in advance, many chemical plants can be in a safe state. Using the warning time of several seconds to tens of seconds provided by the earthquake early warning system, major infrastructure and lifeline projects can take emergency measures, such as closing gas pipelines, shutting down nuclear reactors and stopping the operation of precision instruments in time to avoid secondary disasters.

　　Using the earthquake warning time, the public can take shock-proof measures to reduce casualties, and the operating room can also take emergency measures in advance to avoid surgical errors. The elevator earthquake switch developed by Hubei Seismological Bureau can stop at the nearest floor after receiving the earthquake warning information, and has been widely used in high-rise elevators in Hubei and Anhui.

　　Ma Qiang, Chief Engineer of National Earthquake Early Warning Project:If we transform this gas alarm device, it can automatically cut off the gas after receiving our earthquake warning information. With the extensive application of our earthquake warning information and the promotion of related technologies, we ordinary people can feel that these earthquake warning information will be more and more closely related to individuals.

　　Multi-channel earthquake warning, wide coverage and quick access

　　After the national earthquake early warning project is fully completed, earthquake early warning information services can be provided to the public in various ways.The WeChat applet earthquake early warning service launched by the National Emergency Broadcasting of Central Radio and Television General Station will also be launched nationwide in the near future.

　　Zico Hau, a researcher at China Seismological Network Center:After the completion of this early warning project, we have provided early warning information services to the people through three main channels, including service terminals, emergency broadcasting and some mobile terminals. At present, we have basically possessed the coverage of hundreds of millions of users and the ability to reach public services in seconds.

　　The earthquake early warning service terminal can obtain earthquake early warning information from the earthquake department through the Internet, and estimate and calculate the earthquake intensity and possible impact according to its own position, and then send out an alarm and countdown through its own tweeter and sound photoelectric alarm device to remind the surrounding public to take emergency measures. At present, primary and secondary schools in key areas of Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian and other places have achieved full coverage of service terminals, helping the campus to stage a "textbook" type of safe-haven disposal in many earthquakes.

　　In 2022, the Seismological Bureau of China and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television established a coordination mechanism for earthquake early warning and emergency broadcasting. The public can receive earthquake early warning information through television, radio, "village speakers" and IPTV.

　　The public can also receive earthquake warning information by downloading earthquake warning APP from mobile phones and the built-in functions of the operating system based on third-party forwarding.The "China Seismological Network" national WeChat early warning service jointly launched by China Seismological Network Center, National Emergency Broadcasting of Central Radio and Television General Station and Tencent will be launched soon.When there is an earthquake that may cause destructive effects, WeChat will issue a full-screen warning to continuously remind users to take timely risk-avoidance measures to reduce the impact of earthquake disasters. Earthquakes with different degrees of influence correspond to different warning colors and prompts. When the earthquake has a small impact, it is only prompted in the WeChat service notice to reduce the disturbance to users.

　　Liu Wei, R&D engineer of Tencent, the national WeChat earthquake early warning information service platform:If the user needs rescue, we also provide a high-frequency sound rescue function. Through the small program, a sound with strong pulse frequency and penetration can be emitted, which is convenient for the rescue team to rescue the rescuers.

　　After the launch of the WeChat applet, users search for "China Seismological Network" or "Earthquake Warning" in WeChat, enter the "China Seismological Network" applet, click "Start Earthquake Warning" and allow "Earthquake Warning Notice" and "Get Location". After successfully adding the places of concern, the earthquake warning service can be started.