The reporter learned from the press conference of the Ministry of Education yesterday that starting from this autumn semester, millions of primary school students and junior high school students in the initial grade will use the compulsory education textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education in three subjects: Chinese, history, morality and rule of law, and the existing textbooks such as People’s Education Edition, Guangdong Education Edition, Soviet Education Edition and Beijing Edition will be gradually replaced.
It is reported that according to the requirements of the central government for the unified compilation and use of textbooks for three subjects and the realization of full coverage in three years, the Ministry of Education has organized new textbooks for compulsory education ethics and rule of law, Chinese and history for five years. From the autumn semester of 2017, all primary schools and junior high schools in all regions of the country will use unified textbooks, covering the first and second grades of primary schools and junior high schools in 2018, and all grades will use unified textbooks in 2019.
Zheng Fuzhi, Assistant Minister of Education, member of the leading party group and director of the Teaching Materials Bureau, said that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the construction of teaching materials, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the CPC Central Committee has made a series of important instructions on the construction of teaching materials, clearly stating that the construction of teaching materials is a state power, and it is necessary to improve the national teaching materials system, set up a national teaching materials committee, and focus on compiling textbooks for three subjects in primary and secondary schools, and implement national unified compilation, examination and use.
The textbooks of the three subjects focus on moral education and cultivating people, so that young people can lay a solid foundation for China from an early age, implement excellent traditional culture education, strengthen revolutionary traditional education, and pay attention to the cultivation of the spirit of the rule of law.
Taking the most concerned language as an example, the contents of teaching materials are arranged by combining two clues: "Chinese literacy" and "humanistic spirit". "Chinese literacy" focuses on the basic knowledge and ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, while "humanistic spirit" focuses on the ideological content of selected texts, giving full play to the unique educational value of Chinese subjects and educating people with culture. In the first grade of primary school, the previous model was changed to recognize characters first and then learn pinyin, which reduced the difficulty of pinyin teaching; The number of selected ancient poems has increased, and 132 ancient poems have been selected from 12 volumes of 6 grades in the whole primary school, accounting for 30% of all selected texts; There are 124 ancient poems in junior middle school, accounting for 51.7% of all selected articles. Chinese textbooks also include a large number of classic articles of revolutionary tradition, such as "Commemorating Bethune", about 40 in primary school and 40 in junior middle school.
According to the requirements of the central government, the original moral course will be adjusted to "Morality and Rule of Law" in the compulsory education stage, and the textbooks of "Morality and Rule of Law" in primary schools and junior high schools have been compiled respectively. The new history textbook pays attention to the education of national sovereignty and maritime consciousness, and strengthens the historical concept of the whole nation’s 14 years of anti-Japanese war.
focal point
Chinese
Adding Traditional Cultural Contents to Selected Articles
The primary change of the "unified edition" Chinese textbook is the selection of texts, which increases the traditional cultural contents. There have been ancient poems since the first grade of primary school. There are 132 ancient poems selected from 12 volumes of 6 grades in the whole primary school, accounting for 30% of all selected texts, which is 55 more than the original "People’s Education Edition", with an average of about 20 poems per grade. There are 124 ancient poems in junior middle school, accounting for 51.7% of all selected poems, which is also improved compared with the original "People’s Education Edition", with an average of about 40 poems per grade. The new textbook has also added special columns, such as the "Accumulate over a long period" column in primary schools, and arranged traditional cultural contents such as couplets, idioms, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings, and enlightening reading materials. The genre of the selected essays is more diverse, from the Book of Songs to the poems of the Qing Dynasty, from ancient customs, folk songs, metrical poems, quatrains, to lyrics, from essays of various schools of thought to historical essays, from papers of the Han Dynasty to ancient prose of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, the contents of revolutionary traditional education also occupy a large proportion, including those reflecting the revolutionary experiences and their works of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and other revolutionaries of the older generation, as well as those reflecting revolutionary heroes, such as the Five Heroes of Langyashan, Jiang Jie and Huang Jiguang.
Wen Rumin, editor-in-chief of the "Unified Edition" Chinese textbook and director of the Peking University Institute of Chinese Education, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the new edition of Chinese textbook is not a subversion of existing similar textbooks, but a "innovation", which absorbs the advantages of existing versions, puts more emphasis on following the teaching rules and improves Chinese literacy more effectively. In particular, he denied Lu Xun’s view of "great retreat" in primary and secondary school texts. In primary school, we chose two articles, such as "Young Runtu", and in junior high school, we chose six articles, including "From Baicaoyuan to three pools mirroring the moon".
In the first grade of primary school, I changed to read first and then learn pinyin.
Another important change in the "Unified Edition" Chinese textbook is that the difficulty of Chinese Pinyin is moderately reduced, and the first grade of primary school is changed to first recognize words and then learn Pinyin.
According to Professor Wen Rumin, in the past, I just went to school in the first grade to learn Pinyin, and then I used Pinyin to recognize words. "Unified Edition" first-year Chinese textbooks changed to recognize some Chinese characters first, then learn Pinyin, and learn Pinyin while recognizing characters. He thinks that the change of this order is not meaningful: what is important is the children’s original feelings about Chinese characters. The "first impression" is not the letter aoe, but the Chinese character "Heaven, earth, people, you, me and him". "Put Chinese and Chinese characters back in the first place, and Pinyin is only a tool to help learn Chinese characters, not an end. There is another consideration, that is, young convergence and slowing down the slope. Putting pinyin learning back a little can reduce their fear of difficulties. "
The new textbook specializes in treating the common problem of "not reading"
In the past, there was a common problem of "not reading" in Chinese teaching. Many students only read textbooks, so it is difficult to improve their Chinese literacy. The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that the "unified edition" of Chinese textbooks has made great efforts in this respect, and more attention has been paid to the teaching of various reading methods when compiling textbooks.
For example, in the first grade of primary school, "reading with adults" was set up, which was intended to link up with preschool education and guide students’ interest in reading; Almost every unit in the middle and senior grades of primary school has an extension of extracurricular reading; In junior high school, the "Selected Reading of Famous Books" has been strengthened, and the writing style of "appreciation style" has been changed, and the "one book and one method" has been emphasized. Every time the "Selected Reading of Famous Books" class is held, students are guided to focus on learning a certain reading method.
At the same time, the "unified edition" of Chinese textbooks has increased the distinction between intensive reading and skimming, and the junior middle school textbooks have changed from intensive reading to teaching reading and skimming to self-reading. The new textbook also pays special attention to the extension of extracurricular reading, and constructs a trinity teaching structure consisting of "teaching reading", "self-reading" and "extracurricular reading".
history
Emphasis on national sovereignty and marine awareness education.
According to Ye Xiaobing, Department of History, Capital Normal University, the teaching content of the "Unified Edition" history textbook is arranged according to the combination of "line" and "point", where "point" is a concrete and vivid historical fact and "line" is the law of social development and evolution. The new edition emphasizes the Red Revolution, national sovereignty and the education of marine consciousness, and completely introduces the 14-year historical facts of China and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from local war of resistance to national war of resistance to final victory.
For example, in the eighth grade history textbook, the concept of "14-year war of resistance" is clearly defined. "In the past, the textbooks may only list a few large-scale battles, but now there are both frontal battlefields and enemy battlefields in the textbooks. The role played by the Kuomintang in the war of resistance against Japan is reflected, and the role played by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the war of resistance against Japan is also emphasized." There are two volumes in the new edition of history textbook, which systematically tell the historical facts of the establishment and development of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and lead the socialist revolution construction and reform, involving more than 40 revolutionaries of the older generation. The new textbook emphasizes the education of national sovereignty and marine awareness. Based on historical facts, the textbook tells the historical origins of Xinjiang, Tibet, Taiwan Province and the affiliated islands Diaoyu Island and Nanhai Islands as an inalienable part of our territory.
In the implementation of China’s excellent traditional culture education, the history textbook covers China’s ancient thoughts, literature, art and technology, involving more than 40 historical and cultural celebrities and more than 30 scientific and cultural works.
Morality and rule of law
Set up a special book on rule of law education
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in October, 2014 decided to incorporate the rule of law education into the national education system, starting with teenagers, and set up the rule of law knowledge courses in primary and secondary schools. In order to implement this requirement in the compilation of teaching materials, the Ministry of Education introduced that the original moral course in the compulsory education stage should be adjusted to "Morality and Rule of Law", and the new teaching materials should pay attention to the cultivation of the spirit of rule of law. There are 12 primary school textbooks and 6 junior high school textbooks on "Morality and Rule of Law". Among them, the first volume of the sixth grade of primary school and the second volume of the eighth grade of junior high school are set as special books for rule of law education, focusing on teaching the Constitution and strengthening the system. The teaching materials of other books are scattered and inlaid with relevant contents to ensure that the rule of law education runs through and the whole process is uninterrupted.
The textbook "Morality and Rule of Law" involves more than 30 laws and regulations in primary schools and more than 50 laws and regulations, 6 regulations and judicial interpretations in junior high schools. At the same time, combined with actual cases, the teaching materials create open problem situations and cultivate dialectical thinking ability. For example, the return of lost property requires the owner to "treat guests", which is to guide students to discuss whether it is right to return things and ask for remuneration.
The textbook also emphasizes the socialist core values and the education of Chinese excellent traditional culture, such as the rule of law education such as obeying traffic rules, the traditional culture such as filial piety, and the socialist core values such as honesty. (Reporter Liu Xu)