Transfer needs! Stay away from seasonal respiratory infectious diseases, so vaccinate →
At the turn of winter and spring,
The temperature gradually drops,
The temperature difference between morning and evening is large,
The incidence of various infectious diseases has gradually increased.
The following will be common infectious disease prevention knowledge in spring.
For everyone,
Let’s protect the health of our families together!
Respiratory infectious diseases in spring
Attention should be paid to prevent the following respiratory infectious diseases in spring:
01 influenza
It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. The pathogens are influenza viruses A, B and C, especially influenza A.. Its characteristics are: acute onset, rapid spread, high incidence rate, infection rate can reach 50%, often causing outbreaks or epidemics. The main clinical manifestations are: chills and high fever, which can last for more than a week, accompanied by systemic muscle aches and joint pains, while respiratory symptoms are mild or not obvious, and the course of disease is longer than that of the common cold.
02 Influenza A (H1N1)
Early symptoms are similar to those of the common flu, including fever, cough, sore throat, body pain, headache, etc., and some may also have symptoms such as diarrhea or vomiting, muscle pain or fatigue, and red eyes. Some patients’ condition can progress rapidly, with fierce attack, sudden high fever and body temperature exceeding 39℃, and even severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, systemic hemocytopenia, renal failure, sepsis, shock, respiratory failure and multiple organ injury, and the patients’ original basic diseases can be aggravated.
Acute upper respiratory tract infection
Including the common cold (commonly known as "cold"), viral pharyngitis and laryngitis, herpetic angina, etc. The common pathogens of acute upper respiratory tract infection are viruses and a few are bacteria, and there is no difference in age, sex, occupation and region.
Generally, the disease is mild and the course of disease is short. "Shanggan" can occur all year round, but it occurs frequently in winter and spring, mainly through droplets containing pathogens or contaminated hands and utensils, and is mostly sporadic, but it can be popular when the climate changes suddenly. The main clinical manifestations are sneezing, nasal congestion, watery nasal discharge, and some have fever, accompanied by sore throat and swollen tonsils.
04 acute bronchitis
It is an acute inflammation of tracheal-bronchial mucosa caused by biological, physical and chemical stimuli or allergies. The main clinical symptoms are cough and expectoration. Common in cold seasons or sudden climate change. It can also spread from acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Pneumonia
It refers to the inflammation of terminal airway, alveoli and interstitial lung, which can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, physical and chemical factors, immune damage, allergies and drugs. Clinically, it can be divided into bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumonia, viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia and infectious atypical pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common pneumonia and one of the most common infectious diseases. Although the symptoms of pneumonia are different, cough, expectoration, chest pain, fever and dyspnea are often common symptoms.
Tuberculosis
It is a major respiratory infectious disease caused by the spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis through air droplets, which seriously harms human health. At present, there are high infection rate, high prevalence rate and high mortality rate in China, which is one of the diseases that need to be controlled urgently. The main symptoms are cough, expectoration, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, afternoon hot flashes, fatigue, night sweats and so on.
07 measles
It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus, which is spread by airborne droplets and highly contagious. The main clinical manifestations are: fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, oral mucosal spots and skin maculopapules.
Rubella
It is caused by rubella virus, with mild symptoms, fever and rash, starting from the face to the whole body, starting at sunrise and retreating for three days.
09 mumps
It is an acute infectious disease caused by mumps virus, which is spread by air droplets. The main clinical manifestations are: non-suppurative swelling and pain of parotid gland, fever, etc., which may involve other glands and organs. The common secondary diseases are meningitis, pancreatitis, orchitis and oophoritis.
10 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
Encephalomyelitis is an acute purulent meningitis caused by meningococcus, which is spread by air droplets. The main clinical manifestations are sudden high fever, headache, vomiting, petechiae of skin and mucosa and meningeal irritation. Early isolation treatment can improve the cure rate, reduce complications and control the spread of diseases.
Keep these protection points in mind.
Developing good hygiene habits and taking scientific preventive measures can greatly reduce the occurrence of seasonal infectious diseases. In addition, according to the spread characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases, we should do a good job in disease prevention from the following aspects.
01
Pay attention to keep warm and add clothes in time to prevent catching cold.
02
Pay attention to rest, avoid overwork, pay attention to a balanced diet, supplement nutrition in time, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
03
Do more outdoor activities, breathe fresh air, strengthen your physique and improve your immunity.
04
Ensure that the windows are ventilated for 15 minutes every day, so that the air in the room is fresh and circulated.
05
When sneezing or coughing, you should cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or paper towel to avoid droplets polluting others.
06
Don’t touch and rub your nose and eyes with unclean hands.
07
Wash your face and other cleaning products for one person to prevent direct or indirect transmission.
08
In the flu season (winter and spring), try not to go to crowded public places with dirty air. Avoid contact with respiratory patients with flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose) or pneumonia.
09
Take an active part in the planned immunization. If you have respiratory diseases, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to achieve "five early", that is, early detection, early reporting, early isolation, early investigation and early disinfection.
Xiaobian also sorted out
Some questions that you might care about.
Let’s take a look
How do experts answer ↓
1. Which vaccines can prevent common respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring?
In winter and spring, the public needs to enhance their awareness of vaccination to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. In addition to vaccinating all kinds of immunization programs as required, they can take the initiative to vaccinate COVID-19, influenza and related pneumonia vaccine according to their own conditions, so as to prevent corresponding respiratory infectious diseases and protect their health and life safety to the greatest extent.
2. Why do key populations such as the elderly and patients with chronic diseases need vaccination to prevent common respiratory infectious diseases in winter and spring?
After entering the old age, people’s metabolism slows down, and the function of immune system begins to decline. After being infected with pathogens, the elderly population is a high-risk group of severe illness and death, and because there are often chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, it is easy to get worse after illness, requiring a high proportion of hospitalization and rescue, and the hospitalization time is also long, which has a serious impact on life and family.
COVID-19, influenza, pneumonia and other respiratory infectious diseases occur frequently in winter and spring. Vaccination is an effective means to prevent the infection of corresponding diseases. While insisting on good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and wearing masks scientifically, key groups such as the elderly and those suffering from basic diseases need vaccination to reduce the risk of infection and complications of corresponding diseases.
3. Who are the people currently recommended to be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine?
What is the difference between Covid-19 vaccine containing XBB mutant antigen and previous Covid-19 vaccine?
At present, the recommended target population for vaccination in Covid-19 is mainly the elderly aged 60 and above, or the people aged 18-59 with serious basic diseases, people with low immune function and people with high risk of infection.
The vaccine containing the antigen component of XBB mutant is mainly aimed at XBB mutant in Covid-19, and it has immune protection effect on the recent domestic epidemic strains.
Editor/Sun Chaohui
Information/Nanning CDC Yongchuan released the summer capital Xining
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